Plan balanced meals snacks Essay Example for Free

Plan balanced meals snacks Essay

Family Assessment Essay Example for Free

Family Assessment EssayGordons functional wellness ideals is a method developed by Marjory Gordon, a nursing theorist and professor. The functional health patterns be to be used during the nursing process to obtain a much comprehensive assessment. There are 11 functional health patterns to in place to create a comprehensive assessment. The functional health patterns are values and health perception and management, sleep/rest, nutrition, use/exercise, elimination, cognitive-perceptual, role affinity, self perception, grapple-stress tolerance, sexuality and religion.In this paper, I will discuss all of these functional health patterns as they pertain to my husbands perception of our family. Functional Health Patterns I interviewed my husband using Gordons functional health pattern guided questions. Miguel is a 41 year old father of four children, Trysten who is 6, Tyernen is 5, Lola is 3 and Eva who is 14 months old. Miguel has been married to Susan for 13 long time. He has been running a household for the past 5 years at, taking on the newest role for men as a stay at home parent.The Health PerceptionHealth Management pattern involves health practices used to reach current level of health or wellness and the individuals actual health status. Questions should focus on the individuals perceived health status and importee of health. During the assessment of this pattern, a nurse may unearth other patterns that may need to be explored. (Edelman) Rarely sick, Miguel goes to the doctor when necessary and is on Zoloft for anxiety. The kids reserve been to the doctor this year for their well check ups. Trysten is battling allergies, and just got everywhere a sinus infection.Eva had an ear infection and is now teething. Tyernen had his tonsils out last year. Lola is relatively hale and Susan just discovered she has been starting to take migraines and is trying different home remedies for these. Nutritional-metabolic patterns focus on the nutrient intake re lative to metabolic need. This includes evidence of nutritional balance ( tangible examination) and reports and description of food and fluid consumption (history). (Edelman) M either meals are eaten out, fast food and restaurants are frequented.When foods are cooked at home, stews, steak, chicken cutlets, pastas, bread, and salads are commonly made. Snacks include fruits and banana shakes he wins for the kids. He is overweight and states he knows so. The kids are healthier, and the parents make better choices for them then they do for themselves. Susan is, too, overweight. A very important performer when assessing the sleep-rest pattern is the perception of getting an adequate amount of relaxation and sleep. If the individual reports energy levels waning or fatigue this may provide some index of the individuals satisfaction.People have their own ideas about the roles that rest and sleep play in preparing the individual for desired or required daily activities. This pattern beco mes passing important when sleep and rest are reported as insufficient because it effects other prognosiss in the assessment. (Edelman) Miguel states that he has trouble sleeping and is often threadbare the next day. He states the doctor ordered a sleep study for my sleep apnea Im sure I have, but I neer go. Children sleep well through the night, approximately 10 hours. Susan just switch from working night shift to day shift, and is flipping her schedule around.Elimination patterns include bladder, peel and bowel function. Nurses ask the patient about regularity, quality, and quantity of stool and urine through reports from the individual each changes or perceived problems and about methods used to get regularity or control. Perspiration quantity and quality determine excretory skin function. (Edelman) In regards to his bathroom habits, he states he goes regularly. Miguels skin is clear, some xerotes on elbows and knees noted. Hair and nails look healthy and clean. Children have normal patterns and skin is clear no dryness.Susan has drier skin, states bathroom needs are normal. The activity-exercise focuses on activity level, regular exercise program, and leisure time activities. Physical and subjective assessments include movement capability, activity tolerance, use of assistive devices, self-care ability, satisfaction with activity and exercise patterns, and any perceived problems. (Edelman) With the 4 children, he does get out and play with the kids, but there is no regular exercise routine. The children play everyday outside, wether in the approximate range or in the yard. Susan doesnt have a regular exercise program either.Cognitive patterns are the ability of the individual to understand and follow directions, make decisions, solve problems, retain information and use language appropriately. Auditory, olfactory, visual, gustatory, tactile, and kinesthetic sensations and perceptions impact the perceptual and sensory patterns. (Edelman) Cognitivel y, Miguel reads the news online and utilizes the internet to write to his family in Argentina. English is his sustain language, and he does need assistance expressing himself every once in a while. He does wear glasses, but they are more for driving needs. Children are developmentally on target for their respective ages.Susan is working full time, taking on line courses and running a home with the help of her husband. The sense of each individuals in the flesh(predicate) identity, emotional patterns, goals, and feelings about the self is the self perception pattern. Self-image and sense of worth come from the individuals perception of personal appearance, limitations, and competencies, including the individuals self-perception and others perceptions. (Edelman) Miguel wants to go back to school, but his family is first. At this time, he is at home, allowing his wife to continue her education to better their situation.He feels trapped at times, wants to go back to work. He wants to go to the gym, but his children are more important at this time. He reads to better his knowledge posterior and fixes the cars, thriving on a bargain when it is found. Again, children seem to be on with their developemental milestones. Susan is having trouble with her physical appearance. Though she projects a confident persona, she is uncomfortable with how she looks at this time. Roles-relationships pattern describes the identity the individual assumes with in a amicable group and how they interact with others with in that social group and how they are connected.The individuals perception is a large component of the assessment, as is the individuals subjective level of satisfaction with the roles and relationships they are in. (Edelman) Miguel states I am a daddy, husband, and a friend. He describes himself in his roles, daddy being the most important to him. The childrens role are still being determined due to the fact they are so young. Trysten is big brother to all and best friend to daddy. Tyernen is a big brother and in competition with Trysten all the time, though it seems to make them want to be better. Tyernen favors his mother, but jokes around often with daddy.Lola seems to have taken on the role of trouble maker, and Eva is following her footsteps. Susan has taken on the role of mother, breadwinner, student, and nurse (not in any specific order). She tends to lead the family, get everyone moving. The sexuality-reproductive pattern is defined by the individuals sexual functioning, sexual self-concept, methods of intimacy, and reproductive areas. The importance of sexuality to the individuals demeanor and health is related to the relationship and self-perception patterns. Body image, gender identity and role are linked to sexual identity.Sexual functioning involves, but is not limited to, sexual relations with a partner. (Edelman) Miguel and Susan have not been physically intimate in a long while. Either one of them remember the last time. This is mostly due to Susans self-perception/ corpse image and the busy lives that are being lead. Miguel has expressed more than once that the physical aspect of their shared sexuality is unsatisfying. The ability to manage stress in life is a learned behavior. Stress is an inevitable part of life without it there is no motivation to grow. Most stress comes from minor irritations that build over time, not great tragedies. Edelman) There are many stressors affecting this family. Four young childrens demands, being in Arizona when we would prefer to be in sunrise(prenominal) York, working full time, going back to school, staying home with the kids, many many stressors are impacting the lives of the two parents. For the most part, the stress is handled well, though we both seem to be reaching for food too often and may need to re evaluate our coping mechanisms so it doesnt impact the childrens learned coping mechanisms. The values-beliefs pattern is defined as the individuals goals, spiri tual values and beliefs.Each of the 11 health patterns addresses the value systems of individuals, family, and society. Individual values or beliefs develop over time and guides the individuals life through societal influences and personal experiences with family. (Edelman) There is no firm religious influence in the home. The family is valued, belief in building a strong base for the children to grow. After compiling the data from the assessment of the family discussed in the paragraphs above, some nursing diagnosis that would be appropriate would be Altered Nutrition more than body requirements related to using food as a coping mechanism.Sexual dysfunction related to change in body or self-image. Ineffective coping related to inadequate coping method. In conclusion, the functional health patterns gave me a better idea of what is happening in my family and how it is effecting my husband and our relationship. There is always an aspect of the health patterns that can be improved upo n within a family, it is the nurses job when assessing to be thorough and helpful.

Nursing Interventions For Critically Ill Brain Injury Patients

Nursing Interventions For Critically Ill Brain speck PatientsA key priority when caring for a patient with an altered level of sense is giving the patient a chance, in which interventions are focused on learning about the patient, protecting and monitoring patient status, talking to the patient and functional with the family (Villanueva, 1999).Neuroscience intensive care unit nurses carry numerous interventions when caring for a critically ill traumatic brain injured patient. In this study, their specific interventions, that they routinely perform, are identified. Quantitatively and softly, nurses regularly monitor hemodynamic considerations such as O2 saturation, BP and temperature and other physiological parameters, monitor intracranial pressure and cerebral perfusion, and providing emotional support. While qualitative analyses solely showed that the other nursing interventions that they do could be classified as neurophysiological interventions, psychosocial interventions, in jury foilion interventions, and interventions that maintains therapeutic environment. This study would present proofs of the comprehensive manipulation of the neuroscience intensive care unit nurses caring for Traumatic Brain Injured patients and can be used in future researchers that would alike to investigate the part of neuroscience intensive care unit nurses interventions to the progression of the patients condition.After gaining an approval from the institutional review boards and nursing administration, a survey was done to 67 nurses who work in 3 different ICUs from two level-I trauma centers who regularly care for critically ill TBI patients. Those two trauma centers were chosen because they were both comparable in legal injury of delivery and organization of nursing care, employment ratios, and nurse characteristics so as to not have bias on the study. The respondents were registered nurses that worked for at least 3 months as a full-time or part-time clinical bedside nurse in an ICU that handles critically ill Traumatic Brain Injured patients. They were approached during their unit lag meetings and change-of-shift report times and invited to take part in the study. They were then given a questionnaire which was comprised of 3 parts Part A was comprised of series of questions about their antecedently handled TBI patient, part B contained case scenarios wherein they used nursing judgments, and part C gathered demographic information about the nurse respondents.For the quantitative data, all neuroscience intensive care unit nurses indicated that they were responsible for the monitoring of the patients blood pressure, oxygen saturation, and temperature. And approximately 50% of the nurses indicated that they were also responsible for the monitoring of the ICP and CPP. For the qualitative data, there were 4 categories where in the nurses interventions were grouped. The first one is the Neurophysiological Interventions. It is comprised of monitoring and maintaining the physiological parameters to guarantee neurological stability in TBI patients. In addition to that parameter, they also monitored pulmonary artery and underlying venous pressure reading, cerebral spinal fluid drainage, serial laboratory values, and carbon dioxide parameters. Keeping these values within the normal range, nurses help TBI patient to prevent alternative brain injury and to uphold neurological stability. The second one is the Psychosocial Interventions. In this category, nurses make meetings between the family member and various members of the healthcare team. Meetings between the family members are held to provide education and background of the plan of care being rendered to the patients and also to give information about the possible patient outcomes and rationales for the therapies. The third one is the Injury Prevention Interventions. This category aims to prevent additional complications to the patient and to ensure patients safety. The primary interventions for this category are maintenance of spine precautions and frequent reorientation of the patient. Other interventions like prevention of skin breakdown and ventilator-associated pneumonia, prevention of falls and evaluation for the need of restraints to prevent breakage of medical devices are considered usual care for any vitally ill patient. The fourth and the last category is Maintaining Therapeutic Milieu. In this category, nurses give suitable environment for the patient and provide their special needs. Limiting visitors, decreasing lighting, minimizing noise, avoiding disruption of the patients sleep-wake cycle are the interventions done in this group. All of which are carried out to provide optimal care and rest periods to the patient thus limits further join on in ICP.Neuroscience nurses indeed have an essential part in the care of the critically ill traumatic brain injured patients. Their interventions address the prevention of secondary brain injury and com plications and provide significant support and guidance for the family members. Therefore, they have a big contribution to the patients positive outcomes, but there is still no research documenting their multifaceted role on the patients progression. These data are needed to recognize the exceptional contribution of neuroscience ICU nurses as part of the interdisciplinary team caring for TBI patients and as a foundation for future research investigating how ICU nurses impact patient and family recovery from TBI during the acute stage of injury.

Helicobacter Pylori: Pathogenesis, Symptoms and Incubation

Helicobacter Pylori Pathogenesis, Symptoms and IncubationHelicobacter pylori (H. pylori) ar a type of intestinal bacterium (spiral-shaped gram-negative) that find the majority of ulcers in the stomach and duodenum. They thrive in highly acidic environments and have a unique way of adapting to the harsh environment of the stomach. H. pylori have been categorize as low-potential carcinogens (cancer-causing substances) by the World Health Organization.The Life Cycle (Pathogenesis) of Helicobacter pyloriH. pylori are able to survive in stomach acid be name they produce enzymes (special proteins) that neutralize the acid. This weapon allows H. pylori bacteria to enter the stomach and make their way to the safe area the protective mucous line drive of the stomach wall. When the bacterium is in the mucous lining of the stomach, the bodys natural defenses cannot reach it. The immune system resulting respond to an H. pylori infection but will not be able to kill the bacteria since they are hidden in the stomach lining. The immune system will keep sending infection fighters to the infection site and H. pylori will feed on the nutrients provided by the body, allowing them (the bacteria) to survive in the stomach environment.H. pylori weaken the protective mucous coating of the stomach and duodenum, allowing the stomach acid to get through to the sensitive lining beneath. twain the acid and the bacteria irritate the lining, causing gastritis (stomach inflammation) and perhaps the formation of an ulcer within a few days of the initial infection. Ironically, it may not be the H. pylori bacteria, but the inflammation response to the bacteria, that causes the ulcer to form.The series of steps the pathogenic mechanisms that H. pylori go through when establishing themselves in the stomach are as followsAttachment The H. pylori bacteria must enter the stomach and attach themselves to the lining of the stomach to establish an environment in which to grow.Toxin prod uction H. pylori produce poisonous substances to increase the secretion of urine and electrolytes in the stomach and cause cell death in the cells of the stomach lining. This will help the bacteria take everyplace the stomach environment and will lessen the competition for required nutrients.Cell invasion The bacteria will enter the stomach lining cells for protection and will then kill the cells they are in (their host cells) so that they can move on to invade more stomach-lining cells. This process will continue, thus creating tissue damage. This tissue damage will become the ulcer formation in the stomach.Loss of microvilli/villi The substances released into the host cell during the Cell Invasion step cause a transmute in the stomach-lining cells. This change results in fewer calories getting absorbed by the stomach. The consequence? The body will get fewer nutrients from the food eaten at every meal.Ulcers occur when in that respect is a break down in the mucous layer li ning the stomach, allowing the gastric (stomach) acid and digestive enzymes to attack and aggravate the actual stomach muscle. Helicobacter pylori confer to this breakdown byliving in this layer and increase the chances of it breaking down. Stress and diet may irritate an ulcer, but do not cause it.Symptoms and incubation time of an H. pylori infectionGetting an H. pylori infection is nothing like catching a common cold in that immediate consequences of an infection are rarely seen. In fact, it is possible to go many years without noticeable symptoms. When symptoms do occur, abdominal discomfort is the most common. This discomfort is usually a dull, gnawing lose that comes and goes for several days or weeks. It usually occurs devil to three hours after a meal or in the middle of the night (when the stomach is empty) and is ameliorate by eating, drinking milk or taking antacid medications. Other symptoms include heartburn, increased burping, weight loss, bloating and burping, and less common symptoms include poor appetite, nausea and vomiting. If you suspect that you have an ulcer and experience any of the following symptoms, a doctor should be called right away.Sharp, sudden, persistent stomach painBloody or black stoolsBloody vomit or vomit that looks like coffee groundsThe above symptoms could be signs of a serious problem, such asPerforation when the ulcer burrows through the stomach or duodenal wall.Bleeding when acid or the ulcer breaks a blood vessel.Obstruction when the ulcer blocks the path of food arduous to leave the stomach.EpidemiologyInfection with H. pylori occurs worldwide, but the prevalence varies greatly among countries and among population groups within the same country. The overall prevalence of H. pylori infection is strongly correlated with socioeconomic conditions. The prevalence among middle-aged adults is over 80 percent in many developing countries, as compared with 20 to 50 percent in industrialized countries.Prevalence of infection is higher in developing countries than that of developed nations. In developed countries,although overall prevalance of infection in young children is Helicobacter pylori infection is common in the Indian subcontinent. word-painting occurs in childhood and approximately 80% of adults have been infected at some time. Sero-surveys indicate a seroprevalence of 22%-57% in children under the age of five, increasing to 80%-90% by the age of 20, and remaining constant thereafter.There is now evidence from epidemiological studies that H pylori carriers have a significantly greater run a risk for the development of gastric cancer. Results from three prospective epidemiological studies10-12 estimate that H pylori carriers have a 2.8- to 6.0-fold increased risk of gastric cancer developing over mean follow-up periods of 6 to 16 years when compared with their H pylori-negative counterparts. The overall mean risk was calculated to be 3.8.13 This odds ratio increased to 8.7 in those w ho were diagnosed 15 years or more after testing positive for H pylori.H. pylori infection- treatmentUlcers caused by H. pylori can usually be cured with a one or two-week course of antibiotics. Treatment usually involves a combination of antibiotics, acid suppressors, and stomach protectors. Acid suppression by the H2 blocker or proton core inhibitor in conjunction with the antibiotics helps alleviate ulcer-related symptoms, helps heal gastric mucosal inflammation and may enhance the effectiveness of the antibiotics against H. pylori at the gastric mucosal surface. The use of only(prenominal) one medication to treat H. pylori is not recommended. At this time, the most proven effective treatment is a two-week course of treatment called triple therapy. It involves taking two antibiotics to kill the bacteria and either an acid suppressor or stomach-lining protector to protect the stomach lining. Two-week triple therapy reduces ulcer symptoms, kills the bacteria, and prevents ulcer recurrence in more than 90 percent of patients, but, unfortunately, patients may find triple therapy complicated because it involves taking as many as twenty pills a day. The antibiotics used in triple therapy may cause mild side effects such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dark stools, metallic taste in the mouth, dizziness, headache, and yeast infections in women.Marketted formulation purchasable in India for H.pylori infectionBrand nameChemicalsCompanyHELIBACT combi-packOmeprazole 20 mg,amoxycillin 750mg,tinidazole 500mg.RPG LSHELIKIT kitOmeprazole(1cap) 20 mg,amoxycillin(1 tab) 750mg,tinidazole(1 tab) 500mg.Zydus cadilaL-COT kit1 cap Omeprazole 20mg,1 tab Clarithromycin 250mg,tinidazole 500mglupinPYLOKIT kit2 caps of lansoprazole 30mg,2 tabs of tinidazole 500mg,2 tabs of clarithromycin 250mgCIPLAZOVANTA kit2 tabs of amoxicillin 750mg,2 tabs of tinidazole 500mg,2 tabs of pantoprazole 40mgDr.Reddys

Discussion On Patois Is Not A Language English Language Essay

Discussion On diction Is Not A Language English Language EssayAssignment 1 Discussion on the way out Patois is Not a LanguageThe use of the English style, which has been paramount to my development as a Jamaican citizen, has indeed created a tremendous regard on my life, thus enhancing my ability to communicate effectively within society as English give tongue toing to is currently recognized as the formal spoken communication of facts of life, international business, parley, media, the internet, technology, entertainment, instruction manuals and electrical and other appliances.Knowing Standard English, the most global of languages, has afforded me the ability to comfortably interact and benefit from its multiple international possibilities as today, only the verbally advantaged babbleers are considered trainable, employable and are accepted professionally.While conducting my research, I noned very provokely that over the years, there has been minor or no changes in the definition of language.Language, as explained by Soanes Stevenson in the Concise Oxford Dictionary 2008, 11th Edition can be defined as the dodging of communication utilise by a particular community or country, while a definition from the Book Human Communication Motivation, Knowledge and Skills, describes language as a complex phenomenon whose meaning depends on where and when it is used. It is further explained to be a verbal symbol system that allows us to take messages and utterances in the embodiment of words and translate them into meaning. (Morrale, Spitzberg Barge, 2006). I also gathered from the website http//wordnet.web.princeton.edu/perl/webwn that Language is the forms of speech, or the methods of expressing ideas, peculiar to a particular nation.The term Patois is used widely in Jamaica, and can refer to any sort of indistinct or broken language in any country of the world. Patois is used to refer to a variety of creole languages. A creole language develops from t he combination of two or more languages.Patois is any language that is non spoken in its original form. The chamfer that is spoken in the Caribbean is called creole. The creole patois was developed by the slaves in slavery days. The slaves learned their masters native language-French, and combined it with their African Language to form this dialect. This dialect was created so that the slaves could speak amongst themselves without their masters knowing what they were saying. The culture was passed d stimulate to many generations and is still spoken(http//whattocook.com/what_is_patois.html- obtained from source Friday, September 24, 2010)Patois is non formally a language in Jamaica I am able to state same based on research that it has not (yet) been make official by the Government of Jamaica. And, although most Jamaicans primarily use patois for occasional communication, it is quite interesting to note that, if you ask a Jamaican citizen at this particular moment, what languag e he or she speaks, the immediate response would be English.However, not all Jamaicans use patois. Patois is mostly spoken among the poorer class in Jamaica although many middle class people use patois as a casual language in various social settings.The general looking at about Patois is that it is a poor mans language and it is considered in this way because no strict rules outlining the standard grammar of the English language are followed and this gives the appearance of the mortal using it to seem untaught which is why writers are encouraged to stay away from dialect as it is a good deal rugged for their sound outing au slip bynce to understand.establish on my personal investigation, I go through come to understand that patois has always been considered unacceptable and it has been debated that it should be kept informal and is not to be used for any official purpose. This, I have noticed, as there are always whispers, negative utterances and even scoffing at persons who are unable to speak Standard English, whether in a social setting or workplace such persons have been labeled as socially and linguistically inferior.Nevertheless, Patois is perpetually being promoted daily via music (especially dancehall), poetry, for example those by Joan Andrea Hutchinson and Mutabaruka) and the media (newspapers, radio, television etc.).Gleaner writers such as Jennifer Keane Dawes and Dr. Kingsley Stewart have been trying to keep Jamaicans connected to their roots by paper columns about life situations or just for humour, strictly in patois, however, I dont think that this is helping the patois vocabulary of the readers. I, myself, read the columns and find some of them interesting yet very hard to read and interpret.Dr. Carolyn Cooper and Mrs. Barbara Gloudon, among others, also write articles in patois from while to time in the media, however, these are much easier on the eye.It is an issue of debate as to making patois an official language, which some th ink will help to increase the self-esteem of many Jamaicans and add more strength to their identity if patois is considered as valuable a language as any. It is also discussed that recognition of patois whitethorn also increase communication skills and social interaction in Jamaica.In my opinion, most Jamaicans already know patois and, being that it is a form of language which is not considered appropriate for official purposes such as worldly concern functions etc., I dont gestate that this is necessary to make it official or to even teach it, as some propose.I read an article where it is explained that in March 1999, a group of students from the UWI, Mona Campus put together a proposal in the hope of gaining Jamaican Language or patois, an official status. It is argued that this effort to make patois official is quite unnecessary because students are already having a hard time mastering Standard English in nurture, (Vascianne, 1999) much to my engagement.I am also in full agre ement with Mooris Cargill, a Jamaican columnist that if patois continues to gain legitimacy, it will destroy English.Pryce (1997) states that the soaring illiteracy state is partially blamed by many Jamaicans on the presence of two languages in the country and outlined the belief of Professor Carl rocknroll that the reason students are having trouble with the English Language is more as a result of students not reading enough.I dont believe it is intelligent to down certain changes such as food labels or even The Bible into patois. (N.B. Recently the book of Luke was translated into patois by a group of graduates of the UWI and became available in stores on 08/09/10) (http//wwww.jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/20100809/lead/lead2.html- obtained from source on Sunday, September 26) 2010) and I think it is would be quite absurd to see road traffic signs in patois. envisage for example instead of Buses only you read Ongle bus or instead of Reserved for handicaps you see Fi di andycap d em, etc.I work in a public educational institution, and at times am privileged to read some of the errors recorded by students at the advanced level in the secondary education system. Some of the students dont seem to remember that English is the recognized first language of the society and often make their response in their own form of patois. I believe that some teachers are to be blamed for this because at times, they themselves do not use the Standard English in the classroom and this, I believe, whitethorn be the reason why the students feel it is okay to record their responses in the manner that most of them do. Most of the students at the institution hail from the small look for and peasant farming community of Annotto Bay and most of their parents have never had the opportunity to learn Standard English and most times do not necessarily speak patois out of cultural pride, but as a result of a lack of education, therefore if the students are not taught fitting English by th eir teachers at school, then they eventually become verbally disadvantaged and rely solely on what they have learnt from their uneducated parents at hearth and what they pick up on the streets, therefore, my point is that there will never be an end to illiteracy as far as this is concerned if the teachers rifle to carry out their purpose.While I embrace my home tongue, patois, I honestly have a strong rejection to it being allowed and accepted everywhere.No language is a uniform system in which everyone talks just like everyone else. People who speak a given language share knowledge of its prefatorial rules. Such common knowledge is the basis of mutually intelligible communication. (Kottak, 2002)It is a fact that there are certain social situations that influence our speech such asGeographical location,Cultural practices, andSocioeconomic differencesand whatever phonological differences which are present are looked down on.Whether it is fair or not, people judge you not only by t he way you look but by the way you speak. Proper language becomes a strategic resource, correlated with wealth, prestige and power. (Kattak, 2002).I believe that in modulate to effectively learn and properly use Standard English, it has to be practiced. Everyone needs to practice and learn Standard English in order to develop a career for if we should examine closely, we will notice that all academic institutions list English Language as a requirement for admission charge and all organizations, no matter what the job may be, requires Standard English as an asset for obtaining a job.Some of the most industrious people in society are those who are proud active speakers of patois, yet are not limited to learn and using the English language and encourage their children to do so. The Clergy, Lawyers, Doctors, Chief Executive Officers, Lecturers, Teachers and the rest of Jamaicas learned class primarily use English, not because they have access to the enlightened larger world, but beca use we continue to tag the language that is used for official purposes all over the world.I will never look down on patois or scoff at persons who are unable to speak Standard English because, to me, some persons are simply not able to express themselves fluently no matter how hard they try, and I another reason is that I am aware that many Jamaicans feed their families from work done in the informal economy (eg. Factory, beauty shop, drudge service, vending etc.) where patois is the main language used not necessarily because they are illiterate but because that is what is available to them in this country.Everyone, at some time or another say words in patois. I cannot imagine any single Jamaican who I interact with on a daily basis who does not use it. Our Jamaican everyday language, as I affectionately call patois, when used by certain professionals gain them a extol or a certain cooperation and I believe that is the main reason why it is really used to get cooperation. I enqu ired of my brother who has been a practice of law Officer for seventeen years (who speaks mostly English when around friends and family) why they use patois when accosting bad men, and he explained to me, that some of the things they want to say may not have the same effect when said in Standard English. He shared some examples with meA ded you waa ded instead of Do you want to die?Stap gwaan like you bad instead of Stop behaving badlyand I could go on.I have also observed the Dean of Discipline at my school on several occasions handling certain situations, and for a situation with a very unruly child, especially boys, I realized that patois is often used. When I asked her why, she told me that at times, it is the only way to control them by speaking to them in the way they understand and as most times administered to them at home. She confirm that whenever patois is used, they know that there is no joking.Other persons, such as vendors in a craft market, use patois to promote the ir wares to tourists radio talk show hosts and media personalities use it to add real Jamaican vibes to their presentations teachers sometimes use it to get across a point in class or to reprimand an unruly child and children/students, oftentimes as they prefer, mostly because of peer pressure.I, myself, at work, interacting with my co-workers use some amount of patois, and from time to time, the members of my department, and students whom I supervise, have do me put aside all English (which I mostly use) and level with them in the language which they know and can easily relate to.Personally, I dont have a problem with patois. I grew up in a home where it wasnt looked down on, however, I was strictly required to address my parents (and everyone else whenever in their presence in Standard English). Most of the English Language I know and speak fluently today has been taught to me in my home, and this has often caused me to wonder about those children whose parents are uneducated and are unable to teach them.I am not saying that patois doesnt qualify, but I dont believe that one should be limited to learning only patois, because then, one may not be able to expand or move on to the world scale. I know that many Jamaicans are very foreign minded and this limitation would impact very negatively.In the meantime, I continue to embrace our beloved Patois and believe that as Jamaicans, it is not intelligible to want it to be made official so that other nations may be able to buy a manual or lexicon and learn it and be able to take advantage of it. I want patois to remain unique to us as Jamaicans. Other countries have their own creole which has not been made official and for example, even though I speak a little Spanish and can understand when spoken to in the language, if a native Spanish speaker wants to make disparaging comments about me in his native Creole right in front of my face, I would not be able to understand what is being said about me.Although I admit to hearing patois rather than poor English, I do believe that there is a time and place for patois. As a Jamaican, I like the humor and versatility our everyday language. And while I remain in agreement that patois is an effective medium of communication through which countless traditions and life skills have been passed, I emphasize my position nevertheless, that it is not necessary to teach patois or to promote it because Jamaicans naturally acquire the . patois necessary for cultural expressions and social and informal occasions.

death of a salesman :: essays research papers

Capitalism in Death of a Salesman, is undermining to the humankind spirit and human condition. In Death of a Salesman, money was the Lomans biggest issue. Thats is not to say that if he had money it would not have made things better. Willy left syndicate with financial problems, he came home with financial problems. To Willy it was neer enough. He never made enough, he wasnt the man that he portrayed to be to the children. besides with Willy it was always his bills, bills, bills. Willy What do we owe?Linda Well, on the first theres sixteen dollars on the refrigerator-Willy Why sixteen?Linda Well, the fan belt broke, so it was a dollar eighty. Willy But its brand new.Linda Well, the man said thats the way it is. Till they work themselves in, yknow.Willy I hope we dont get stuck on that machine.Linda They got the biggest ads of any of themWilly I know, its a fine machine. What else?Linda Well, Theres nine-sixty for the washing machine. And for the vacuum cleaner theres triplet an d a half due on the fifteenth. Then the roof you got twenty-one dollars remaining.Willy It dont leak, does it?Linda No, they did a wonderful job. Then you owe Frank for the carburetor.QUALLS 2Linda Loman, was the wife of Willy Loman. She never complained about money, her biggest issue was to make sure that her husband didnt run himself raggedy with mental problems. She always thought that they would make it. Linda was very assertive, and never had anything bad to say.Willy Youre not worried about me, are you, sweetheart?Biff Whats the matter?Happy ListenLinda Youve got too much on the ball to worry about.

A Teacher with an Expertise in Teaching Essay -- philosophy of educatio

soundise in T severallyingWhen asked to name the teachers who have had the greatest positive impact on us, we tend to name those who were warm, energetic, enthusiastic, organized, impartial, and competent in their field. Expert teachers employ all of these traits, and, as the text states, are experienced and effective and have developed solutions for common classroom problems (Woolfolk, 2001). I chose to interview my tail grade teacher, Mr. Mendez, because he not only demonstrates expertise in learn, provided also has created a fun and proactive learning environment, which I hope to imitate in my future classroom.In order to teach effectively, the teacher must have a strong knowledge base of the material (Woolfolk, 2001). Mr. Mendez feels confident teaching all areas of the curriculum. A teacher who does not feel comfortable in his or her ability presenting a certain aspect of the material would most probably have difficulty relating the material to children. Specializing in a subject is not only important for advanced knowledge base, but for practicality as well. Mr. Mendez noted that having antithetic teachers specializing (and teaching) in different areas of the curriculum saves time in lesson planning students visit another classroom for science, for example. This arrangement also offers him an opportunity to meet with other students. Expert teachers are also instrumental in motivating all students to learn (Woolfolk, 2001). When a student lacks motivation to learn or do work, these experts sc push through out shipway to encourage learning. Mr. Mendez holds his fourth grade students accountable for getting their work in and in on time. The students are given choices as to whether to redo training for a better grade, thus grantin... ... such abilities. Analyzing Mr. Mendezs comments, I have come to the conclusion that expertise in teaching develops after some time and practice, but is mainly a product of patience, and an understanding of children. Expert teachers are aware of how each individual learns, and is attune to every unique learning style. Preparation is rouge to establishing teacher quality (Woolfolk, 2001). Expertise in teaching is not a terminal state methods and styles must continuously be altered to accommodate for each new influx of students. Thus, expert teachers are flexible. However, teachers can develop their expertise by listening to students, offering feedback, noticing effective individual learning styles, and understanding the ways in which each student is unique and special.Works CitedWoolfolk, Anita. (2001). Educational Psychology. (9th ed.). Boston Allyn and Bacon.