Accoutning Test Bank

The Financial Accounting Standards Board employs a due process system which (Points 5) has in all CPAs in the United States vote on a new Statement. enables interested parties to express their views on issues under consideration. identifies the accountancy issues that are the most important. requires that all accountants receive a copy of monetary standards. 2. (TCO A) The IASB (Points 5) governs invoice standards in the U. S. is working on a convergence project with the FASB. sets the accounting standards for only European countries. lays only a minor part in accounting rule making throughout the world. 3. (TCO A) International GAAP, or i-GAAP (Points 5) has different standards than under U. S. GAAP. has some parking lotality with U. S. GAAP in some areas. is accepted by many countries throughout the world all of the above are true. 4. (TCO A) Information is neutral if it (Points 5) provides benefits which are at least equal to the costs of its preparation. can be compared wit h same information about an enterprise at other points in time. would have no impact on a decision maker. is free from bias toward a predetermined result. . (TCO A) Which of the following elements of financial statements is not a component of comprehensive income? (Points 5) Revenues Distributions to owners Losses Expenses 6. (TCO A) Issuance of common stock for cash affects which basic element of financial statements? (Points 5) Revenues Losses Liabilities Equity 7. (TCO A) Which basic element of financial statements arise from peripheral or incidental transactions? (Points 5) Assets Liabilities Gains Expenses 8. (TCO A) Which basic effrontery may not be followed when a firm in bankruptcy reports financial results? Points 5) Economic entity assumption Going concern assumption Periodicity assumption Monetary whole assumption 9. (TCO A) What is the quality of information that enables users to better forecast future operations? (Points 5) Reliability. Materiality. Comparability. Rel evance. 10. (TCO A) Financial information exhibits the characteristic of consistency when (Points 5) expenses are reported as charges against revenue in the period in which they are paid. accounting entities give accountable events the same accounting treatment from period to period. xtraordinary gains and losses are not included on the income statement. accounting procedures are adopted which give a consistent rate of net income 11. (TCO A) Which of the following is true with regard to the element comprehensive income? (Points 5) includes all changes in equity during a period except those resulting from investments by owners and distributions to owners. is optional for financial statement preparers. is not in accordance with GAAP. came into law with the passing of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. Not one hundred% sure about 11 12. TCO A) Which of the following basic accounting assumptions is threatened by the existence of severe inflation in the economy? (Points 5) Monetary unit assumption . Periodicity assumption. Going-concern assumption. Economic entity assumption. 13. (TCO D) One criticism not normally aimed at a balance sheet prepared using current accounting and describe standards is (Points 5) failure to reflect current value information. the extensive use of separate classifications. an extensive use of estimates. failure to include items of financial value that cannot be preserve objectively. 4. (TCO D) The amount of time that is expected to elapse until an asset is realized or otherwise converted into cash is referred to as (Points 5) solvency. financial flexibility. liquidity. exchangeability. 15. (TCO D) The net assets of a backing are equal to (Points 5) current assets minus current liabilities. total assets plus total liabilities. total assets minus total stockholders equity. none of these. 16. (TCO D) Houghton Company has the following items common stock, $720,000 treasury stock, $85,000 deferred taxes, $100,000 and retained earnings, $313,000.What t otal amount should Houghton Company report as stockholders equity? (Points 5) $848,000 $948,000 $1,048,000 $1,118,000 17. (TCO D) The current assets section of the balance sheet should include (Points 5) machinery patents goodwill blood 18. (TCO D) An example of an item which is not an element of working capital is (Points 5) accrued interest on notes receivable. goodwill. goods in process. temporary investments. 19. (TCO D) Which of the following is not an acceptable major(ip) asset classification? (Points 5) Current assets Long-term assets Property, sow, and equipment Deferred charges 0. (TCO D) The presentation of long-term liabilities in the balance sheet should disclose (Points 5) maturity dates interest rates conversion rights all of the above 21. (TCO D) Equity or debt securities held to finance future construction of additional manufacturing plants should be classified on the balance sheet as (Points 5) current assets. property, plant and equipment. intangible assets. long -term investments. 22. (TCO D) Treasury stock should be reported as a(n) (Points 5) current asset. investment other asset. reduction of stockholders equity.

Human resource management Specialisation Essay

Concept of compensation-Exploring and defining the compensation contextSystem of compensatingcompensation dimensions-concept of rewardRole of compensation in Organization- Non-financial compensation systemConcept of total reward system-New trends in compensation managementThe 3-P compensation concept.Compensation and Employee BehaviourBases For Traditional give birth System and unexampled correct SystemEstablishing Pay PlansAligning Compensation Strategy with HR Strategy and Business Strategy-Seniority and Longevity pay- Linking Merit Pay with Competitive Strategy-Incentive Pay-Person focus to PayTeam Based Pay.Designing Compensation SystemBuilding internally consistent Compensation System-Creating Internal Equity through concern Analysis and Job Valuation-Building Market Competitive Compensation System-Compensation Surveys Integrating Internal Job Structure with External Market Pay Rates-Building Pay Structures that Recognize Individual Contributions-Constructing a Pay Structure -Designing Pay for Knowledge weapons platform.Employee Benefits ManagementComponents-Legally required BenefitsBenefits AdministrationEmployee Benefits and Employee ServicesFunding Benefits through VEBACosting the BenefitsComponents of Discretionary Core Fringe Compensation-Designing and Planning Benefit ProgramTotally Integrated Employee Benefit Program.Contemporary strategic Compensation ChallengesInternational Compensation and Competitive Strategies-Executive Compensation Packages Compensating Executives-Compensating the Flexible Workforce-Contingent Employees and Flexible Work SchedulesCompensation for Expatriates and RepatriatesStrategic Issues and Choices in Using Contingent and Flexible Workers.IntroductionDefinition, concerns and scope of PM. Performance Appraisals. Determinants of job death penalty. Mapping, process, sequence and cycle of PM. Performance planning and Role clarity. KPAs- Performance Targets. Trait, deportment and Results approaches to measuring performance . The impact of HRM practices on performance.Performance AppraisalAssessment center-psychometric tests. Role PlaySelf-appraisal-360 Degree appraisals-Rating-less 14 appraisals for the future of PMS. Critical incidents worksheet, Combining behavior and outcomes, attribution theory-Causal matrix. Diagnosis and Performance improvement. Performance review, Performance analysis.Performance Bench markingHuman information processing and performance loop, performance shaping factorsYerkes Dodsons Law-Corporate performance management-EFQM Excellence modelDiagnostic and Process bench marking. PM Audit, PM pathway analysis. The impact of Performance Management on Line managers and Employees.Competency routine and Pay PlansCompetency MappingMercers Human Capital WheelHuman Asset worth estimator and Accession rate-CIPD Human Capital framework, Performance, competence and Contribution related pay models. Cafeteria benefits plan, call back pay. The McBer Generic managerial competency model- Comp etency causal flow model-Competency gapCompetency Assessment-Balanced Score bill poster framework.Performance Metrics and ModelsPerformance measures pyramid. Steps for designing metrics, Wang Lab, Smart pyramid, Conceptual, DHL, RCN Models of PM, Gilberts performance matrix and Behavior Engineering model. Direction of trouble snapshot with Behavior modelMager and Pipes trouble shooting model ATI performance improvement model, Spangenbergs Integrated model of PM, Sears model for organizational performance.

Formal & Informal Language Learning Experience

Formal, Non-formal and Informal Learning What Are the Differences? Earlier this year I did some applied research on the differences between formal, non-formal and informal education in both the sciences, as well as literacy and language education. These terms have been used by the OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) as well as researchers and practitioners around the globe.Heres a simplified explanation Formal education Organized, guided by a formal curriculum, leads to a formally accepted credential such as a high school completion diploma or a degree, and is often guided and recognized by government at some level. Teachers are usually trained as professionals in some way. Non-formal learning Organized (even if it is only loosely organized), may or may not be guided by a formal curriculum.This type of education may be led by a qualified teacher or by a leader with more experience. Though it doesnt result in a formal degree or diploma, non-formal educatio n is highly enriching and builds an individuals skills and capacities. Continuing education courses are an example for adults. Girl guides and boy scouts are an example for children. It is often considered more engaging, as the learners interest is a driving force behind their participation.Informal learning No formal curriculum and no credits earned. The teacher is simply someone with more experience such as a parent, grandparent or a friend. A father teaching his child to play begin or a babysitter teaching a child their ABCs is an example of informal education. These may be overly simplified explanations. thither are times when the lines between each type of learning get blurred, as well. It isnt always as cut and dry as it seems, simply these definitions give you a general idea of each type of learning.

Night World : Dark Angel Chapter 9

It was David, of course.Gillian sprained a plump and stared at him, blinking. He was standing yet inside the doorway, his jacketslung over one shoulder, the separate hand in his pocket. His jaw was tight, his eyes sick. He was looking atTanya.There was a silence.(How grand? How long has he been there, Angel?)(Uhhh, Id presuppose since round roughly(predicate) the beginning.)(Oh, my.) So thats why Gillian had been so low key and noble and let Tanya do any the yelling andthreatening. They must leave come forward manage Dorothy and the Wicked Witch.A sense of mediocreice stirred inside Gillian. She make a hesitant move toward David.David-you dont understand-David shook his head. I understand just fine. Dont try to cover for her. Its better for me to find out(a).(Yeah, shut up, minibrain outright look mildly distressed, slightly awkward. You scene they want to bealone now.)Uh, I guess you guys want to be alone now.(Anyway, you have to hurry to get your ride.)Anyway, I hav e to hurry to get my ride.(These arent the droids youre looking for.)These arent- (Im going to kill you, Angel) Flustered, Gillian made one last gesture of apology and around ran for the door.Outside, she walked blindly. (Angel)(Sorry, I couldnt resist. But look at you, kid Do you shaft what youve done?)(I guess I got rid of Tanya.) As the adrenaline of battle faded, the truth of this was slowly beginning todawn on her. It brought a hint of glorious warmth, a sparkling annunciate of future happiness.(Smart kid)(And-I did it fairly. It was all true, wasnt it, Angel? Shes solidly been messing around with Bruce?)(Everybodys been messing around with Bruce. Yes, it was all true.)(And what about Kim? Is she the one who spreads rumors about people?) (Like yetter on Eggos.)(I just-she expected so sweet. When we talked about rumors in the cafeteria she patted my hand.)(Sure, shes sweet-to your face. Turn left here.)Gillian put up herself emerging from the school building. As she went down the steps she saw three orfour cars place casually in the roundabout. macons BMW convertible was one. He looked up at herand gave an inviting nod toward the car.Other people shouted. Hey, Jill, need a ride? We wouldnt want you to get bemused in the woods againGillian stood, obtaining worry a southern belle. So many people wanting her-it made her giddy. Angel wasgrandly nonmaterial (Pick anybody) and she could see Amys Geo a little distance away. Amy and Eugenewere standing by it, looking up at her. But getting in a car with Eugene Elfred would be disastrous to hernew status.She picked Cory the Party Guy, and the ride home was filled with his nonstop talk about maconnaiss partyon Saturday. She had trouble getting rid of him at the door. Once she did, she walked up to her bedroomand fell on her bed, arms out. She stared at the ceiling.(Phew)It had been the most incredible day of her life.She lay and listened to the quiet house and tried to touch her thoughts.The warmth was still percolating inside her, although it was mixed with a certain amount ofanxiety. She wanted to see David again. She wanted to know how things had turned out with Tanya.She couldnt let herself facial expression happy until she was sureRelax, would you?Gillian sat up. The voice wasnt in her ear, it was beside the bed. Angel was sitting there.The sight hit her standardised a physical blow.She hadnt seen him since that morning and shed forgotten how better-looking he was.His hair was dark golden with paler gold lights shimmering in it. His face was-well-classic perfection.Absolutely pure, denned like a sculpture in marble. His eyes were a reddish blue so glorious it actually hurt tolook at it. His expression was rapt and uplifted until he winked. Then it dissolved into mischief.Uh, hi, Gillian whispered huskily.Hi, kid. Tired?Yeah. I feel used up. Well, take a nap, why dont you? Ive got places to go in any event.Gillian blinked. Places? Angel I neer asked you. Whats heaven like ? I plastered, with angels like you,its got to be dissimilar from most peoples idea. That meadow I saw-that wasnt it, was it?No, that wasnt it. Heaven-well, its dangerous to explain. Its all in the oscillation of the spatial-temporalharmonics, you know-what youd call the inherent vibration of the plane. At a highervibration everything assumes a much much complicated harmonic theme. Youre making this up,arent you? Yeah. Actually its classified. Why dont you get some sleep? Gillian already had her eyesshut.She was happy when she woke up to touch sensation dinner. But when she got downstairs, she found only hermother.Dads not home?No. He called, honey, and left a message for you. Hell be out of town on stock for a while.But hell be back for Christmas. Wont he?Im sure he will.Gillian didnt say anything else. She ate the hamburger casserole her mother served-and noticed that hermother didnt eat. Afterward, she sat in the kitchen and played with a fork.(You okay?)The voice in her e ar was a welcome relief. (Angel. Yeah, Im all right. I was just work outing about howeverything started with Mom. It wasnt always like this. She was a teacher at the junior college)(I know.)(And then-I think it was about five years ago- things just started happening. She started acting crazy.And then she was seeing things-what did I know about drinking then? I just thought shewas nuts. It wasnt until Dad started finding empty stores)(I know.)(I just wish that things could be different.) A pause. (Angel? Do you think maybe they could be?)Another pause. Then Angels voice was quiet. (Ill work on it, kid. But, yeah, I think maybe they couldbe.)Gillian shut her eyes.After a moment she opened them again. (Angel-how crapper I thank you? The things youre doing for me I domiciliatet even start to tell you )(Dont mention it. And dont cry. A cheery face is worth triple A bonds. Besides, you have to dissolving agent the phone.)(What phone?)The phone rang.(That phone.)Gillian blew her nose and said a practice Hello to make sure her voice wasnt shaky. Then she took adeep breath and picked up the receiver.Gillian?Her fingers clenched on the phone. Hi, David.Look, I just wanted to make , sure you were okay. I didnt even ask you that when-you know, thisafternoon.Sure, Im okay. Gillian didnt need Angel to tell her what to say to this. I can handle myself, youknow.Yeah. But Tanya can be pretty intense sometimes. After you left she was-well, forget that.He doesnt want to say anything bad about her, Gillian thought. She said, Im fine.Its just- She could almost feel the frustration building on the other side of the line. And then Davidburst out as if something had snapped, I didnt knowWhat?I didnt know she was-like that I remember, she runs the teen helpline and shes on the Centralia reliefcommittee and the Food Cupboard project and .. . Anyway, I thought she was different. A goodperson.Conscience twinged. David, I think she is some of the things you thought. Shes brave. Whe n thatwindow-Quit it, Gillian. Youre those things. Youre brave and funny and-well, too honorable for your owngood. You tried to give Tanya another chance. He let out a breath. But, anyway you might haveguessed, were finished. I told Tanya that. And now His voice wobbled. Suddenly he laughed, enceinteing as if some burden had fallen mop up him. Well, would you like me to revolt you to the partySaturday night?Gillian laughed, too. Id like it. Id love it. (Oh, Angel-thank you)She was very happy.The rest of the week was wonderful. Every day she wore something daring and flattering scavengedfrom the depths of her closet. Every day she seemed to get much popular. People looked up when shewalked into a room, not just meeting her eyes, but laborious to catch her eye. They waved to her from adistance. They said hello up and down the halls. Everyone seemed pleased to talk to her, and pleased if she wanted to talk to them. It was like being on a skyrocket, going higher and higher.And, al ways, her guide and protector was with her. Angel had come to seem like a part of her, the mostsavvy and ingenious part. He provided quips, smoothed over awkward situations, gave advice aboutwho to tolerate and who to snub. Gillian was developing an instinct for this, too. She was gaining boldness in herself, finding new skills every day. She was literally becoming a new person.She didnt see much of Amy now. But Amy had Eugene, after all. And Gillian was so busy that she nevereven got to see David alone.The day of the party she went to Houghton with Amanda the Cheerleader and Steffi the Singer. Theylaughed a lot, got whistled at everywhere, and shopped until they were dizzy. Gillian bought a dress andankle boots-both approved by Angel.When David picked her up that night, he let out a soft whistle himself.I look okay?You look He shook his head. Illegal, but also sort of spiritual. How do you do that?Gillian smiled.Macon the Wallets house was the house of a rich guy. A fleet of artsy reindeer made out of some kindof white twigs and glowing with tiny lights graced the lawn. Inside, it was all high ceilings and tracklighting, oriental rugs, old china, silver. Gillian was dazzled.(My first real party I mean, my first Popular Party. And its even kind of, sort of for me.)(Your first real party, and its all for you. The world is your oyster, kid. Go out and crack it.)Macon was coming toward her. Other people were looking. Gillian paused in the doorway of the roomfor effect, aware that she was making an entrance-and amiable it.Her outfit was designer casual. A black minidress with a pattern of purple flowers so dark it could hardlybe distinguished. The soft, crepey material dung to her like a second skin. Matte black tights. And ofcourse the ankle boots. Not much makeup shed decided on the fresh, soft look for her face. Sheddarkened her lashes just plentiful to make the violet of her eyes a startling contrast.She looked stunning and effortless. And she knew it very we ll.Macons hooded eyes roved over her with something like suppressed hunger. Hows it going? Yourelooking good.We feel good, Gillian said, press Davids arm.Macons eyes darkened. He looked at the intersection of Gillians hand and Davids arm as if it offendedhim.David looked back dispassionately, but a sort of wordless menace exuded from him. Macon actuallytook a step back. But all he said was, Well, my parents are gone for the weekend, so make yourself athome. There should be regimen somewhere. There was food everywhere. Every kind of munchy thing. Music blasted from the den, echoing all overthe house. As they walked in, Cory greeted them with, Hey, guys Grab a glass, its going fast.When hed said that he would round up a keg last week, Gillian had foolishly misheard it as a cake.Now she understood. It was a keg of beer and everybody was drinking.And not just beer. There were hard liquor bottles around. One guy was lying on a table with his mouthopen while a girl poured something from a rectangular bottle into it.Hey, Jill, this is for you. Cory was trying to give her a plastic glass with foam overflowing the top.Gillian looked at him with open scorn. She didnt need Angels help for this.Thanks, but I happen to like my brain cells, Maybe if you had more respect for yours you wouldnt beflunking biology.There was laughter. Even Cory laughed and winced.Right on, Daryl the Rich Girl said, raising a can of diet Barqs ancestry beer to Gillian in salute. And Davidwaved Cory away and reached for a Coke.Nobody tried to pressure them and the guy on the table even looked a little embarrassed. Gillian hadlearned that you could pull anything off if you were cool enough, composed enough, and if you didntback down. The feeling of success was much more intoxicating than liquor could have been.(How about that? Pretty good, huh? Huh? Huh?)(Oh oh, yeah, fine.) Angel seemed to deliberate. (Of course, it does say, Wine maketh the nubble ofman glad)(Oh, Angel, youre so silly. You s ound like Cory) Gillian almost laughed out loud.Everything was exciting. The music, the huge house with its opulent Christmas decorations. The people.All the girls threw their arms around Gillian and kissed her as if they hadnt seen her in weeks. Some ofthe boys tried, but David warned them off with a look.That was exciting, too. Having everyone know she was together with David Blackburn, that he washers. It put her status through the ceiling.Want to look around? David was saying. I can show you the upstairs Macon doesnt care.Gillian looked at him. Bored?He grinned. No. But I wouldnt mind seeing you alone for a few minutes.They went up a long carpeted staircase lined with oil paintings. The rooms upstairs were just as beautifulas downstairs palatial and almost awe inspiring.It put Gillian in a quiet mood. The music wasnt as loud up here, and the cool marble gave her the feelingof being in a museum. She looked out a window to see velvet darkness punctuated by little twinkling lights. You know, Im glad you didnt want to drink back there. Davids voice rear her was quiet.She turned, trying to read his face. But you were surprised?Well-its just sometimes now you seem so adult. Sort of worldly.Me? I mean-I mean youre the one who seems like that. And thats what you like in girls, she thought.He looked away and laughed. Oh, yeah. The tough guy. The wild guy. Tanya and I used to party prettyhard. He shrugged. Im not tough. Im just a small-town guy trying to get through life. I dont look fortrouble. I try to run from it if I can.Gillian had to laugh herself at that. But there was something serious in Davids dark eyes.I admit, it sort of had a way of finding me in the past, he said slowly. And Ive done some things thatIm not proud of. But, you know Id like to change that-if its possible.Sort of like a whole new side of you that wants to come out.He looked startled. Then he glanced up and down her and grinned. Yeah. Sort of like that.Gillian entangle suddenly inspired, hopeful. I think, she said slowly, trying to put her ideas together, thatsometimes people need to-to express both sides of themselves. And then they can be well, whole.Yeah. If thats possible. He hesitated. Gillian didnt say anything, because she had the feeling that hewas trying to. That there was some reason hed brought her up to talk to her alone.Well. You know something weird? he said after a moment. I dont feel exactly whole. And the truthis- He looked around the darkened room. Gillian could only see his profile. He shook his head, thentook a deep breath. Okay, this is going to sound even dumber than I thought, but Ive got to say it. Icant help it.He turned back, toward her and said with a mixture of determination and apology, And since that daywhen I found you out there in the snow, I have this feeling that I wont be, without He trailed off andshrugged. Well-you, he said finally, helplessly.The universe was one enormous heartbeat. Gillian could feel her body echoing it. She said slowly, I I know. I know how it sounds. Im sorry.No, Gillian whispered. That wasnt what I was going to say.Hed turned sharply away to glare at the window. Now he turned halfway back and she saw the glimmerof hope in his face.I was going to say, I understand.He looked as if he were alarmed to believe. Yeah, but do you really? I think I do-really.And then he was moving toward her and Gillian was holding up her arms. Literally as if drawn to doit-but not just by physical attraction. It sounded crazy, Gillian thought, but it wasnt physical so much as well, spiritual. They seemed to belong together.David was holding her. It felt incredibly strange and at the same time perfectly natural. He was warm andsolid and Gillian felt her eyes shutting, her head drifting to his shoulder. Such a simple embrace, but itseemed to mean everything.The feelings inside Gillian were like a wonderful discovery. And she had the sense that she was on theverge of some other discovery, that if she just ope ned her eyes and looked into Davids at this moment,somehow it would mean a change in the world(Kid?) The voice in Gillians ear was quiet. (I really hate to say it, but I have to break this up. You haveto sidle down to the master bedroom.)Gillian scarcely heard and couldnt pay attention.(Gillian I mean it, kid. Theres something going on that you have to know about.)(Angel?)(Tell him youll be back in a few minutes. This is important)There was no way to ignore that tone of urgency. Gillian stirred. David, I have to go for a sec. Be rightback.David just nodded. Sure. It was Gillian who had trouble letting go of his hand, and when she did shestill seemed to feel his grip.(This had better be good, Angel.) She blinked in the light of the hallway.(Go down to the end of the hall. Thats the master bedroom. Go on in. Dont turn on the light.)The master bedroom was cavernous and dark and filled with large dim shapes like sleeping elephants.Gillian walked in and immediately banged into a piece of labored furniture.(Be careful See that light over there?)Light was showing around the edges of double doors on the other side of the room. The doors wereclosed.(And locked. Thats the bathroom. Now, heres what I want you to do. base on balls carefully over to the rightof the bathroom and youll find another door. Its the closet. I want you to quietly open that door and getin it.)(What?)Angels voice was in an elaborate way patient. (Get in the closet and put your ear against the wall.) Gillian shut her eyes. Then, feeling exactly like a burglar, she slowly turned the handle of the closet doorand slipped inside.It was a walk-in closet, very long but stuffy because of the clothes bristling from both sides. Gillian had aprofound feeling of intrusion, of being an invader of privacy. She seemed to walk a long way in beforeAngel stopped her.(Okay. Here. Now put your ear against the left wall.)Eyes still shut-it seemed to make the absolute darkness more bearable-Gillian burrowed betweensom ething long sheathed in plastic and something heavy and velvety. With the clothes embracing her oneither side, she leaned her head until her bare ear touched wood.(Angel, I cant believe Im doing this. I feel really stupid, and Im scared, and if anybody finds me-)(Just listen, will you?)At first Gillians heart seemed to drown out all other sounds* But then, faint but clear, she heard twovoices she recognized.

Does the conversation between Robert and Kevin violate any nondiscrimination laws?

According to the EEOC website, Under the laws enforced by EEOC, it is illegal to discriminate against someone (applicant or employee) because of that persons race, color, religion, sex (including pregnancy), national origin, age (40 or older), impediment or genetic information. It is also illegal for an employer to make decisions about job assignments and promotions based on an employees race, color, religion, sex (including pregnancy), national origin, age (40 or older), disability or genetic information. The conversation between Robert and Kevin violates disability, race and sex nondiscrimination laws.Title VII prohibits employment decisions based on stereotypes and assumptions about abilities, traits, or the performance of individuals of certain racial groups. Robert and Kevin make comments about every single person in the video that might be getting the promotion. First its about the health think issue for the employee who has diabetes, followed by racial comment about what the employee looks like. Because of the second employees ethnicity, Robert and Kevin suggest that its better to move onto the next candidate rather than pitiful about getting strip searched.The next comments and discussion is about an employee is religious and the manger wants to avoid the religious gibber on the flight. The next female employee is a great worker according to the managers, however, they are afraid that she might get pregnant since she is off the pill and thats something they dont want to get laid with. Age and disability discrimination applies to the next employee where the managers think the employee is old and is on the cart and feel that its cruel to s check him to Italy. The last candidate is a white male, and both managers want to avoid the reverse racism discrimination so they eliminate him as well.Both managers are just having a talk which seems to be an informal talk about the candidates for the promotion. Good things are said about all the employees whether its work experience, seniority, great work ethics or knowledgably in the field however, major workplace discrimination are talked about in this video such as race, disability, age and sex. The video does not end with the decision of who was picked for the promotion but the discussion between the managers does contain nondiscrimination laws as stated above.

ECO365 Week 2 Simulation Essay

SimulationThe bring and admit factors are essential to the work of economics. The use of these carry crimps help businesses to maximize profits and the give turn out depicts the beaver set for the most product. These statistics are shown on a graph, which changes according to the supply and demand in a particular market (Colander, 2010). This simulation is an example of Good life-time situation apartment letting supply and demand.This paper give discuss two microeconomics and two macroeconomics principles or concepts from the simulation. Also it will strike at least one permutation of the supply reduce and one shift of the demand curve in the simulation. In addition, it will discuss the effects of supply and demand in the workplace. Last, Relating to the simulation, it will relieve how the set elasticity of demand affects a consumers buy and the firms pricing strategy. devil microeconomics and two macroeconomics principlesWithin this simulation are multiple exampl es of microeconomics and macroeconomics. One example of microeconomics is Good life property raising or lowering its take inal rate for the apartments. Because it is a business decision, it give-up the ghosts under microeconomics. some other example is the percentage of inventory that Good Life has allotted for term of a contract of their inventory.Macroeconomics deals more with decisions made high(prenominal) than the business itself. For example, the increase of income caused by the addition of Lintech, is macroeconomics. Also the government imposing a cap on the monthly rent of 1550 dollars for two-bedroom apartments is a macroeconomic decision.One shift of the supply curve and one shift of the demand curve The supply curve is represented by a gradually increasing suck up on the graph of the scenario. The line represents the price and quantity for which apartments are purchased. For example, a shift in the supply curve was witnessed whenthe new business entered the area.The addition of Lintech working facility prompted more consumers to want apartments. The supply curve moved left to indicate less supply on hand. The downward slope on the graph represents the demand curve. As recently explained, the price and demand are captured on this line. The increase of rent caused the demand curve to shift to the left, indicating a decrease in demand (Colander, 2010). Effects of supply and demand in the workplaceIn the petroleum industry, the price is relatively elastic. The demand of work from day-to-day is determined by the consumers demand for that product. Some days will require 12 hours of service whereas others will require 8 hours of service to complete customer deliveries. With respect to supply, a shortage would negatively affect companies that are already customers. The shortage may increase price temporarily or an increase in the general follow of oil may increase price long term.The idea behind macro and microeconomics help to see to it the impact that supply and demand have on the economy. Companies make educated decisions on a products life cycle according to the demand for that item. The equilibrium point (the intersecting point on supply and demand) is best suited for a product or service.How the price elasticity of demand affects a consumers purchasing and the firms pricing strategy The elasticity of price affects a companys price tactics and consumer purchasing actions. If a products price changes, customer purchasing habits may rise or fall accordingly (Colander, 2010). If the demand for a particular apartment increases, as seen in the scenario, Good life properties will be able to raise rent rates in order to capitalize on the higher demand.On the other hand, customers may not purchase as much with a higher rent rate. As a result of increased rates, customers may seek alternatives such as conventional homes. This is how price elasticity effects consumer purchasing and the price point set by companies. The price for it ems or function may be too high which would cripple the potential earnings. A look at the supply and demand charts depicts the best price point.Good life property management have maximized its earnings and optimized its rental rates by using the supply and demand curves. Considering the petroleum industry, supply, and demand directly affect the price. expenditure elasticity is also a factor to consider when settingthe price for services or products.ReferencesColander, D. C. (2010). economic science (8th ed.). New York, NY McGraw-Hill. Retrieved April 11, 2013 from The University of Phoenix eBook Collection database.

Compare Candide and Tartuffe

InTartuffe, Molieres uses p potful to indorse and oppose extensions that symbolize and ridicule habitual behaviors that was imposed during the neo-classical date period. His work, go throughn as a waggery of forgiving beingners, consists of flat characters, with few and similar traits and that always restore some kind of peace in the end. He d give plays society as a whole by creating a microseism, where everyone in the family has to be obedient, respectful, and evocative of the head of the home, which is played by the father Orgon. Mariane shows her obedience when she replies To please you, sir, is what de stir ups me mitigate. (Moliere 324,11) Shortly afterwards, Orgon commands Mariane to take Tartuffe as her economize even though she is non engagework forceted in him at every in all. Orgons command shows how men argon command and spend a penny control over fond order. Marianes strong obedience to her father (Orgon) supports the Neo-Classical element that the ind ividual is not as important as society. Moliere discusses logic and abstract thought by unsightedfolding Orgon to the reality of Tartuffes intentions that causes him to make dumb decisivenesss. In the process, Orgon disregards his family when told of Tartuffes intentions.After Tartuffe cons Orgon into believing that Damiss accusation is false Orgon replies, I know your motives, I now you wish him ill/Yes, all of you wife, children, handmaids, all /Conspire against him and desire his fall. (Moliere 341-342,46-48) Orgon then excommunicates his own son, indicating that his reasoning is deferred due to his ignorance. This in due movement challenges the Neo-Classical printing that logic and reasoning is practically important than emotion because Orgon acts solely on his emotions. He feels as if his family has turned against his friend so he operates upon his feelings.When Damis returns home and Tartuffe (instead of Orgon) gets locked up, order is restored. At the end, the famil y commends the officer for apprehending the true woeful by saying, Heaven be praised / Were safe. / I egg-producing(prenominal) genital organt believe the dangers past. (Moliere 361, 84-87) This is when Moliere demonstrated the general saying that what happens in the naughty leave eventually come to the light, therefore drop outing confusion to re-establish its order. Moliere developed a series of flat characters, which satirized the Neo-Classic belief system.InCandide, Voltaires approach is callight-emitting diode black funniness. Many devastating accompanimentors play into the characters stand firms that causes the reader to be am utilize in a cynical way in order to guard their inner feelings. He challenges society as a whole by the way he implements real life occurrences into his writing and makes them come alive. This becomes evident when Dr. Pangloss told Candide what came of Cunegonde at the castle of Westphalia after he left. Pangloss described her as being disemb oweled by the Bulgar soldiers, after having been raped to the absolute limit of gay endurance. (Voltaire 524) This causes the imagination to display a vivid picture of the severity of the situation. Furthermore he challenges order by illustrating the human condition. Candides confusion causes him to ask, cast off they always been liars, traitors, ingrates, thieves, weaklings, sneaks, cowards, backbiters, gluttons, drunkards, misers, climbers, killers, calumniators, sensualists, fanatics, hypocrites, and fools? (Voltaire 557) There is an ongoing war surrounded by people, and all the fleck Candide and the another(prenominal)(prenominal)s be attempting to maintain. Dr. Pangloss represents the optimism that Voltaire challenges.Pangloss show this by saying, it was love love, the consolation of the human race, the preservative of the universe, the intelligence of all sensitive beings, love, gentle love. (Voltaire 525) He challenges, optimism by his representation of Dr. Panglos s. Dr. Panglosss blind optimistic approach allows him to inter or so the fighting that is occurring amongst people and he only(prenominal) run throughs love. Satirical approaches to writing were used to change the captivate way of thinking during the late 17th and 18th centuries. The Neo-Classic cartridge clip period contri excepted in the expanding upon of peoples con postr of life.The Enlightenment period generators instructioned on reason, knowledge, and rationality as major floors. In this era theCatholic Churchwas take over an extremely powerful institution operating throughtaboo practically of Europe unless reason was beginning to emerge as an alternative to faith and religion. As a matter, Enlightenment writers began to timber at the world critically and rationally. Much of the important literature of the period was satirical in nature, employ humor, irony, and exaggeration to expose and criticize peoples stupidity or vices, violateicularly in the context of contemporary regime and other significant issues.Two great Enlightenment writers, Moliere and Voltaire, use satirical approaches in their flora that have variant similarities and differences. The similarities among Molieres Tartuffe and Voltaires Candide atomic number 18 primarily rooted in common Enlightenment themes. For compositors case, in devil stories the writers think on questioning and criticizing the nature of hierarchies in our society, particularly the members of the aristocratic or upper classes or else than common people. In Tartuffe, Orgon and his family are members of the aristocracy.Orgon owns his estate and clearly has enoughmoneyto provide for his entire family in add-on to Tartuffe and his friend. Similarly, Voltaires degree focuses on Candide, who whitethorn be missing a fraction of his aristocraticfamily tree, however is still considered upper class. As the story progresses, the reader draws Candides accruement of money and wealth despite his init ial gibbosity from his uncles estate in the first pages of the story. Although twain Voltaire and Moliere write nearly upper class individuals, neither writer focuses on serious psychological characters in their whole kit.In fact, quite the opposite is true the characters in both Tartuffe and Candide are relatively linear. Enlightenment writers commonly used characters that could serve as types that would be easily recognizable and acknowledgeable to their audiences. Enlightenment writers like Moliere and Voltaire also do not go out deeply into characters. Because the characters are so one-dimensional and because the focus during the time period was on the social aspect rather than psychological characteristics, audiences dont often see characters alone.Candide is rarely alone throughout his travels, doing whatever he can do acquire a side kick when he lacks company. Describing a characters individual thoughts in moments of isolation would be more geared toward light the diff erences amongst characters. For Enlightenment writers, however, the focus was on the similarities between people rather than these differences. Another similarity between the pieces is a very atomicsenseof nature or the natural world. Tartuffe. In Candide, the main characters travel across the globe, yet the reader is offered very little description of the locations hey visit. For Enlightenment writers, settings are simply background. Instead, the focus is on the conversation between the characters and the social aspect of events or situations. There was simply little interest in things considered to be outside of society. Although there are some(prenominal) similarities between the twain writers, there is about a centurys difference in the satire between them. Satire changed during this period of time and gained a lot more edge in Voltaires time than in Molieres, partially because of the modern scrutiny and criticism of people.Voltaires satire, for example, is a lot more focu sed and daring. On the other hand, the threshold for social criticism in Molieres time was relatively low. Molieres play would have offended the Church so much so that the writer went out of his way to hyperbolize Tartuffes hypocrisy. The motif that Tartuffe could have been taken as a serious religious introduce was problematic for Moliere despite the fact that Tartuffe was not written as a clergyman. Tartuffes hypocrisy was as perspicuous as workable so as not to impugn pious members of the church or clergy.While both Moliere and Voltaire are masterful writers, their satirical approaches have various similarities and differences. Both writers utilize humor, irony, and exaggeration to make their social commentaries that were primarily directed towards the aristocracy. Despite all of their similarities, however, a major difference between the two writers is the time period during which they wrote. Moliere was forced to use much more subtle satire as a result of the oppressive Cat holic Church. Voltaire, on the other hand, wrote nearly one hundred years later and was off the beaten track(predicate) less constrained and therefore able to use a much more brutal make believe of satire.Nevertheless, both Tartuffe and Candide are excellent representations of Enlightenment thinking and social criticism at the time. Tartuffe and Candide are two novels that greatly show a general exaltation of emotion over reason and the senses over intellect. These stories are perfect examples of how life in the neoclassical era also dealt with certain situations that we humans face in todays world as well. Dis prescribeing emotion over reason and the senses over intellect can be explained through both worlds then and today. Tartuffe on page 19, was written by Moliere. Tartuffes them was trim vs. moderation.This goes to show that any excess is an off route to a disciplined life of reason and therefore, it is an example of disorder and a loadedial disruption of society. Tartuffe shows several aspects of hypocrisy. Hypocrisy means guise to be virtuous when one is not and it is a violation of order because it poses two realities, reality and its pretense, when we know there is really only one. The reason for hypocrisy is their reaction, not their emotion. Several people in this story were guilty of wrongful reasoning, to provoke hypocrisy. Their sense of intellect was misled by their emotions over wrongful reasoning.Tartuffe and Orgon were major victims of hypocrisy. Tartuffe led Orgon to believe hes a pure and a loyal friend when in fact he was not that. Tartuffe also tried to take of advantage of Orgons wife, Elmire. He also used Mariane to get closer to Orgons name and possessions, by convincing Orgon to force his daughter Mariane to marry him. Tartuffe is supposedly supposed to be a devout Christian by being out in the light with worship at church services, yet a true Christian wouldnt do that. moreover one way Tartuffe is covering good intellect, e ven if it is used in an unmoral way, is him kneeling to Orgon.When someone kneels forwards you, Tartuffe was full-grown all right, reason, power, judgment to Orgon. Tartuffe is giving power to get power, unlike Orgon who frustrates everyone for power. Orgon is somewhat the villain for giving Tartuffe the power. Orgon is also overly in passion in regards to Tartuffe. He is even worse than Madam Pernelle. He no longer cared about what he was supposed to be responsible for. And he replaced genuine responsibility for his family with unneeded concern for Tartuffe. An example of this act is on page 24 scene 4.Orgon showed wrongful reasoning by giving his word to Marianes true love Valere. And then withalk his word back by forcing her to marry Tartuffe. And in doing so he let himself fall for Tartuffes trap of ruining his family. In this story Orgon is trying to trade responsibility for control. He is also trying to control his family, which is sad. Orgon thinks he is get older, losin g control and is going through what some would call a mid-life crisis. Mariane also shows awful reasoning by letting her dad push her around and agree to her father that she would follow his word to marry Tartuffe when she really didnt want Molieres Tartuffe, Racines Phaedra and Voltaires Candide are all(prenominal) exemplary literary plant life of the 18thcentury in their own rights. Tartuffe is a satirical japery, Phaedra an intense tragedy and Candide a intriguing travelogue. While each adheres austerely to its genre, various similarities as well as product lineing differences can be traced among the aforementioned works. Written during the Age of Enlightenment, each of these works reflects the ideology of the period and hence, has various similarities. Firstly, each of these works glorifies reason over religion and the theory that man is responsible for his own actions.These timeless masterpieces were revolutionary among contemporaries. Moliere uses comedy to ridicule hypoc rites, impostors and fools who ignore moderate common sense. He mocked certain religious sects and tried to prognosticate financial aid to the corrupt among them. At the time, much(prenominal) ridicule of those associated with the Church was highly unacceptable and was considered radical. Voltaire too tried to hammock fun at members of the upper class and institutionalized religion through the character of Cunegondes brother the little baron. He envisioned him as a homosexual and a man of stringent shockable beliefs.Other ideas and that make this piece revolutionary are the deliberate ridicule of popular beliefs and a scene implying bestiality. Phaedra too was revolutionary because it was the one of the first works that portrayed a story from a feminine order of view. Phaedra is the mythological classic Hippolytus re-written from the perspective of a female protagonist. The first of its sort, Phaedra broke new grounds. hence each of these works can be considered revolutio nary. Another aspect worth comparing is the portrayal of female characters in these plays.Each of these classics describes their female characters as attr diligent, smart, opportunistic and deceptive. In Tartuffe, the lady of the house Elmire seduces Tartuffe in order to bring to light his true nature and save her familys fortune. Racine describes Phaedra as a char tempted by incest and possessed by jealousy. In Candide, the female characters Cunegonde, the maid, Paquette and the Marquise of Parolignac are described as opportunistic, astute and conniving. Thus, the three works have a similar discernment of women. These works also portray a similar complexity of relationships.In Tartuffe, the man of the house Oregon is portrayed as narrow-minded and gullible. Oregon sticks to his beliefs and there is spell of tension among the family members. He shields himself from common logic and refuses to hear the voice of reason. In Phaedra, Theseus blindly believes the words of another and summons expiration on to his own son. Candide too has a similar portrayal of family relationships. Cunegondes brother refuses permission to allow Candide to marry her because he values the caste system over his sisters love.Also, Candide who has sworn without end love for his beloved Cunegonde tries to revoke his steps when he finds she is no more the attractive young daughter he fell in love with and she too willingly gives him up to marry a besotted governor. These works also lack a hero or a model of perfection. In Tartuffe, the primaeval character is a crook, while Oregon is gullible and Elmire crafty and opportunistic. In Phaedra, the central character is seen as weak and immoral, Theseus as disloyal and Hippolytus as proud and vain. In Candide, the protagonist is easily fooled and commits various sins including adultery and murder during his adventures.Thus, each of this pieces lack the traditional hero or a paradigm of virtue to look up to. While these works are similar in many ways, they also have all-embracing range of differences. The most notable difference among the genres is the emotional ambience set throughout the individual works. Tartuffe maintains singular situations through every scene, mostly satirical with a touch of slapstick for relief. While, in polar contrast Phaedra maintains a very serious tone throughout the story with a wave of intense scenes troughed with moderation.Candide however, transcends genres as it moves from tragedy to comedy. Defined as a black comedy, it combines tragedy and comedy to form a new genre. A noteworthy dissimilarity between the three plays is that Moliere and Voltaire use Tartuffe and Phaedra respectively to give vent to their views and opinions on society at the time and its defects. Phaedra however is a take of the Roman classic, Hippolytus from a divers(prenominal) perspective. Further, Tartuffe and Candide have a male central character while the story of Phaedra revolves around a female.As ment ioned earlier, Phaedra is far more revolutionary in this context compared to the other two as it tackles a story from a cleaning womans perspective. Another major academic degree of difference between the genres is the result they achieve. The tragedy of Phaedra evokes the sublime and results in an emotional catharsis for the reader a purge of feelings. On the other hand, Candide and Tartuffe use the genre of comedy to bring to light the various evils of society. The happy ending gives a reassuring feeling and the scenes of humor are entertainingly amusing.Hence, the distinguishable genres bring out diverse emotions from the reader. The three pieces are also different by means of the message they pose to deliver to the reader. Tartuffe tries to prove right the statement the end justifies the means, with Elmire using Tartuffes manner against him. Phaedra, an intense and dramatic tragedy, depicts how pride destroys the mighty and Candide debunks the theory Everything is for the best in the best of all possible worlds. The most important factor that unifies each of the three genres is that they all aim to entertain. However their method of reaching this common goal varies.Tartuffe uses comedy, Phaedra tragedy and Candide transcends genres and uses a combination of both. Hence, they can be seen as different roads that lead to the same destination. Candide Voltaires Candide has many themes, though one central, philosophical theme traverses the entire work. This theme is a direct assault on the philosophy of Leibniz, Pope and others. Leibniz held that the world created by God was the best possible world with perfect order and reason. Alexander Pope, similarly, in his Essay on Man, argues that every human being is a part of a greater, rational, grand design of God.Pangloss stresses this viewpoint-that what appears to be evil is actually part of a greater good-when he asserts to Jacques that private misfortunes make for public welfare.? /font Voltaire, on the o ther hand, nominate that his own experiences contradicted this optimistic determinism. Much like his protagonist, Candide, Voltaire must abandon this belief after realizing the needless suffering that surrounds him. Thus the major theme of the book revolves around this idea that the world is not the best of all possible ones, that it isnt determined by reason and order, and that accident and chance play a major role.Though as a deist, Voltaire believed that God did create the world, he also believed that human injustice and brutality made the world anything still perfect. Furthermore, he believed that the fatalistic philosophy of Pope and others stripped man of his God-given free will. In addition to his anti-philosophy up-to-the-minute which runs throughout the work, Voltaire also satirically indicts religion and war. Almost from the first chapter to the last, Voltaire depicts religious men (priests, monks, etc) as hypocrites who dont live up to the religion they profess to beli eve.Most importantly, Voltaire makes the Church out to be one of the most corrupt, violence-ridden institutions on the planet. This is seen both during the Inquisition scene towards the middle of the book as well as the Jesuit satire seen while Candide and Cacambo are in Paraguay. Based largely on Voltaires experiences of the Seven Years? War (1756-63), an anti-war message is found throughout the fast-paced narrative of Candide. Voltaire bitingly criticizes both the French (Abares) and the Prussians (Bulgars). Casually describing the thousands of dead soldiers on both sides, Voltaire underscores how wasteful these heroes? re of human life, clearly showing his anti-war sentiments. During one such battle, Candide, his protagonist, overlays, doing his best to keep away(predicate) from the needless bloodshed and heroic entirelychery.? After the battle subsides, he escapes through the battlefield, seeing the scattered brains and cut off limbs? that littered the ground.? /font Thus, V oltaire bashes a multitude of people and institutions throughout Candide. Despite his many sources of criticism, however, Voltaire merges all of his satires into one, larger message-that the human world is utterly disutopian.All of the versions of utopia which Voltaire raises up and then slams down in his work demonstrate such a loss of optimism. Pangloss? utopia, for one, which simply changes the conditions of the word to fit it to the world he knows is proven false, since even Pangloss himself eventually simoleons believing it. Eldorado, a second kind of utopia, also fails to satisfy Candide, who soon becomes bored, yearning for adventure, and, of course, Cunegonde. Only the decision to simply till the land at the conclusion of the book satisfies a quasi-utopian hope of the reader.Yet when Pangloss tries to resurrect the idea that this world is a utopia in the second to last paragraph, Candide himself dismisses the notion. The ordinal century in Europe,more resplendently known as the Age of Enlightenment, was a time of profound literary advances. It was an era that saw the expansion and perfection of the novel and an unprecedented proliferation of socially conscious works. The period produced a veritable slew of classics, two among them clearly being MolieresTartuffeand VoltairesCandide. Although written in different times and in different ormats, both works present humorous stories as vehicles for social commentary. Both tales would be classics for their satire alone, but it is their portrayal of women that is maybe most interesting. European women in the eighteenth century occupied a precarious position between the ponderous advance of liberalism and the lingering influence of traditional gender roles, and the two works offer gigantic insights into the lives of such women. MolieresTartuffeand VoltairesCandideboth feature sympathetic and dignified portrayals of strong female characters subordinated or oppressed by eighteenth century society.One such c haracter in MolieresTartuffeis Dorine, the lady-maid to Orgons wife Elmire. InTartuffe, Moliere presents Dorine as an intelligent woman with a good understanding of human behavior. Moliere attests to her intelligence early in the story by showing her to be the most perceptive member of the household. Unlike Orgon, who is so dimwitted and foolish that he is completely blind to Tartuffes chicanery, Dorine is able to see right through him, bluntly declaring him a fraud (Moliere 25).Dorine is also consistently presented as outspoken and opinionated, frequently chastising Orgons actions, particularly concerning the marriage of Mariane and Tartuffe (Moliere 40-42). Furthermore, although Moliere places Dorine in the relatively low position of a lady-maid, he is always quick to display her innate intelligence, dignity, and perceptiveness. In doing so, Moliere actually depicts Dorine as a walking contradiction in terms Dorine clearly possesses mental acuity beyond her station, but she is sti ll a maid.Her situation illustrates the position of multitudinous proletarian women of the age competent and intelligent, but mired in inequality and menial labor. As Dorine states in the play, ironically speaking of Madame Pernelle rather than herself, Shes thus because she cant be otherwise (Moliere 27). Molieres commentary on society is exceptionally penetrating here. In making Dorine, a servant (and a female at that), perceptive and intelligent, and the high class men of the household either hopelessly foolish or ineffectual, he is demonstrating that class and gender mean little in determining ones worth or intellect.Elmire, the dutiful wife of the dullard Orgon, is portrayed in a similar manner despite her different position. In Tartuffe, Moliere depicts the character as a resourceful and intelligent woman much like Dorine. Elmire is clearly shown to be mentally superior to her husband, to the point that she becomes frustrated with her husbands gullibility concerning Tartuffe , saying bluntly that Orgons blindness takes her breath away (Moliere 67). Elmire is also a bring out figure in Molieres work.When Orgon refuses to admit that Tartuffe could possibly harbor adulterous intentions, Elmire takes the initiative and persuades her stubborn husband to hide under a table while she manipulates Tartuffe into admitting his nefarious intent (Moliere 68-69). The fact that Elmire is forced to manipulate her husbands decisions rather than make her own, however, is a clear illustration of the subordinate billet of women in eighteenth century marriage. For all her cunning, Elmire is still presented as the subordinate figure in the marriage it is Orgon who controls the finances, home, and daughters of the family.Indeed, Moliere depicts Elmire as a character much like Dorine strong, sympathetic, yet finally subject to the patriarchal society of the eighteenth century. Elmire is restrained by her side as a wife, Dorine is restrained by her position as a maid, and b oth are ultimately subordinated by virtue of being female. A similar portrayal of women comes in VoltairesCandide, particularly in the character Cunegonde, Candides love interest and ultimate wife. Voltaire presents Cunegonde as a simple but honest woman with the potent advantages of being of noble lineage and rosy-cheeked, fresh, plump, and appetizing (276).Unlike Moliere, Voltaire does not imbue his female characters with outstanding intelligence instead, his female characters exhibit a keen understanding of human behavior born from life experience and intuition. Arthur Scherr comments on this in his article Voltaires Candide a tale of womens equality, stating that Cunegonde Unfortunately, Cunegonde eventually undergoes horrific experiences at the hands of several men inCandide. In her terrible journey, Cunegonde becomes a symbol of the more terrible and overt crimes perpetrated towards women in the eighteenth century and throughout time.Throughout the course of the novel, Cunegon de suffers rape, mutilation, and multiple kidnappings (Voltaire 286-287). Although she is able to recover from the experiences, and actually becomes somewhat stronger in doing so, she is barely victimized and traumatized by eighteenth century warfare and society. Much like Molieres Dorine and Elmire, Cunegonde is limited by her placement as a female, and suffers atrocities as a result. Voltaire is perhaps somewhat hyperbolic in creating her story for effect, but the spirit of her experiences is not unlike those of many European women caught in the many wars of the eighteenth century.Ultimately, Voltaire portrays Cunegonde as a sympathetic woman who retains her dignity despite experiencing the worst of social realities in eighteenth century Europe. Indeed, MolieresTartuffeand VoltairesCandideboth present strong portrayals of sympathetic, dignified women restrained or aggressed against by eighteenth century society. Though the works differ greatly in style, one can see social commen tary on the status of women in Molieres mild, amusing comedy and Voltaires sensational, abrasive satire.The authors female characters are strong, complex figures that, much like many women of the eighteenth century, were forced to exist in a position of relative weakness. Ironically, it is the very ability of those authors to see such injustices that is probably most influenced by the Enlightenment ideas and slowly expanding liberalism of the era itself. Whatever the case may be, both works stand even today as classics, not just for their brilliant satire, but also for their potent insight into the experiences of eighteenth century women.ConsideringTartuffewas written in the 17th century, you might want the female characters to be soft-spoken, demure, and generally pretty dull. But that couldnt be further from the truth well, except in the case of Mariane shes soft-spoken, demure, and generally pretty dull. But Elmire and Dorine thats a whole different story. Each one defies mul titude with gusto they do some things that would still be audacious even today. Theyre quick-witted, strong-willed, and a bit saucy. Theyre a match for their male counterparts anytime, any day. http//www. shmoop. om/tartuffe/women-femininity-quotes. html Voltaires Candide is a very funny satire that skewers the affirmatory attitude that this is the best of all possible worlds. Obviously, considering the horrific events Candide goes through, this isnt the best of anything. Candide has several companions in his misadventures, notably Dr. Pangloss, his mentor and tutor and Cacambo, his servant. Of the women in the tale, two are most important Cunegonde, the woman Candide loves, and the old woman, whom he meets on his travels. This paper will compare and contrast the way the two women are presented in the novel.II Cunegonde Cunegonde is Candides true love. She is the daughter of the Baron Thunder-ten-tronckh, who raised Candide in his castle. She is beautiful, desirable, and despite a ll the horrible things that happen to her, she is fearfully dull. She is raped and cut open by Bulgarian soldiers (she notes it isnt always necessary to die from such treatment) sold to legion(predicate) men as a sexual plaything reunited with Candide parted from him and reunited again at the end of the book. She isnt very bright, and shes essentially passive as a doormat.She fights her Bulgarian rapist, but as soon as shes rescued (by a Bulgarian captain, not Candide) she becomes his willing servant and his lover. When he grows tired of her, he sells her to a Jew named Don Issachar, who adores women. But soon after that she catches the eye of the luxuriant Inquisitor, who also wants her. The two men work out an arrangement whereby Don Issachar visits her Monday, Wednesday and the Sabbath the Grand Inquisitor has the other four days of the week, though there have been some arguments, apparently, about when the Sabbath begins and ends.Soon after Cunegonde tells Candide her tale, Do n Issachar shows up. He immediately attacks Candide, and Candide kills him. A few moments later, the Grand Inquisitor arrives, and Candide figures that hell turn them in, so he kills him, too. thence he, Cunegonde and the old woman escape from the scene. When they arrive at an inn, Cunegonde comment is Where will I find another Jew and another inquisitor to give me more jewels? She is for sale to the highest bidder she also has the brains of a flea, and because Candide is a bright young man, his devotion to her is ridiculous a satirical example of mens weakness for women. III The over-the-hill Woman The old woman is a much livelier character, despite the fact that shes so much older, and despite the fact that she has been through many of the same ordeals as the younger woman she has been raped numerous times, sold far more often than Cunegonde, and even had one buttock cut off to feed in the janissaries that were defending her and other women of a harem.The daughter of Pope Urban X, she has been raised in luxury only to fall prey to pirates and sold into slavery. But she meets his misfortunes with an energy and drive that Cunegonde lacks. She even says at one point I have been a hundred times upon the point of killing myself, but still I was fond of life. (Voltaire, PG). The greatest difference between the two lies in the old womans active stance, as contrasted with Cunegondes passivity. We learn that the old woman was sold at last to a Boyard, who ascribe her to work in the fields and lashed her every day.But instead of simply assuming this was her lot in life, she did something about it But this nobleman having about two years afterwards been broken alive upon the wheel, with about xxx others, for some court intrigues, I took advantage of the event, and made my escape. (Voltaire, PG). After escaping, she tells us, she traveled through many different countries, making her living as a servant at various inns and hostels. In this too she is different from Cunegonde, who has been satisfied to allow men to keep her.She has lived a live that is actually much harder than Cunegondes, because the latter has been furnish and cared for by men who wanted her for her beauty and sexual charms, which meant that she was well-treated (if any woman being sold against her will can be said to be well-treated). Still, both Don Issachar and the Grand Inquisitor gave her rich gifts, good food and fine wine no one did such things for the older woman. True, they were both little better than slaves, but Cunegonde accepted her chains while the old woman fought hers.Finally, as she finishes relating her tale, the old woman says I have a great deal of knowledge and experience in the world (Voltaire, PG). And that may be the biggest difference of all. Cunegonde, as I say, is not very bright, and so the things that shes been through mean little to her, and she hasnt learned much from them. But the old woman has gained a great deal of experience, and furthermo re, put it to use. She has escaped from the Boyard and made a living for herself in many different countries, surely not an unaccented thing to do. IV ConclusionThe women in Candide, in general, suffer a great deal of physical hardship. attaint abounds, as does torture, mutilation and other types of general mayhem. But they react to their misfortunes very differently. Cunegonde accepts whatever happens to her passively indeed, one gets the pic that she simply lets events roll over her, neither noticing nor caring much what happens. The old woman, however, is very much awake(predicate) of whats going on, and she actively involves herself with events. In so doing, she becomes the more attractive character.